Santiago is the capital of
Chile and the center of its largest conurbation. It is located in
the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520 m above mean
sea level. Founded in 1541, Santiago has been the capital city
since colonial times. The city has a downtown core of 19th
century neoclassical architecture and winding side-streets,
dotted by art deco, neo-gothic, and other styles. Santiago's
cityscape is shaped by several stand-alone hills and the
fast-flowing Mapocho River, lined by parks such as Parque
Forestal. Mountains of the Andes chain can be seen from most
points in the city. These mountains contribute to a considerable
smog problem, particularly during winter. The city outskirts are
surrounded by vineyards, and Santiago is within a few hours of
both the mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
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