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When the pharaoh Narmer, also know as Menes unified the two lands of Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BC he founded the new capital on the exact spot where the Nile Delta meet the valley, in Memphis. It stayed as the countrys capital for most of the pharaonic period, until it was moved to Luxor. But even after that Memphis was an important place of Egypt, and remained that until the muslim invation around the 7th century AD.
There is not much left from this times, but in the museum you can see some interesting items, where the fallen colossal limeston statue of Ramses II. There is alos the alabaster sphinx of the new kingom and other statues of Ramses II. Well worth a visit to have an impression from that long time ago.
(Click on the thumbnails, and you will get a larger version)