London is the capital
city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan
area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the
European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames,
London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history
going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its
square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th
century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis
developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms
the London region and the Greater London administrative area,
governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading
global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education,
entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional
services, research and development, tourism and transport all
contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading
financial centre alongside New York City and has the
fifth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, and the largest
in Europe. London has been described as a world cultural capital.
It is the world's most-visited city and has the world's largest
city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London's 43
universities form the largest concentration of higher education
in Europe. In 2012 London became the first city to host the
modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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