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The City and Borough of Juneau is a municipality located on the Gastineau Channel. It has been the capital of Alaska since 1906, when the government of the then-District of Alaska was moved from Sitka as dictated by the U.S. Congress in 1900. The municipality unified in 1970 when the city of Juneau merged with the city of Douglas and the surrounding Greater Juneau Borough to form the current home rule municipality. Downtown Juneau is nestled at the base of Mount Jueau and across the channel from Douglas Island. The City and Borough had a population of 31,275.
Juneau is named after gold prospector Joe Juneau. The Tlingit name is Dzántik'i Héeni ("river where the flounders gather"), and Auke Bay just north of Juneau proper is called Aak'w ("little lake") The Taku River south of Juneau, was named after the cold t'aakh wind, which occasionally blows down from the mountains. At sea level the tides averaging 5 m, below steep mountains about 1100 m to 1200 m high. Atop these mountains is the Juneau Icefield, a large ice mass from which about 30 glaciers flow; two of these, the Mendenhall Glacier and the Lemon Creek Glacier, are visible from the local road system, the Mendenhall glacier has been generally retreating, its front face is declining both in width and height.
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